Definitions

DEFINITIONS - ENGLISH

Here you can find definitions regarding most of the terms used in SSCD. If you can’t find the answer to your question here, please send an e-mail.

OWNER & ADDITIONAL OWNERS

The single largest property owner of a SC or RP will be designated as the owner. Other owners will be listed under additional owners. Note that the list of additional owners may not be complete and that there could be a large number of property owners in addition to the listed owners. This is most common in retail parks.

GLA
Gross Leasable Area, in square metres. GLA for other services are not included.

RETAIL 

Only food & convenience and durable goods are defined as retail. Liquor stores (Systembolaget) are defined as food & convenience and pharmacies as durable goods.

SALES

The total sales figures include the retail components and sales for restaurants and commercial services. All figures include VAT. The figures are based on information obtained directly from the property owners or through statistics acquired from SCB. In the latter case, sales estimations are part of the process as the statistical figures are not always complete or correct.

For stores with sales in two or more categories (e.g. durable goods and restaurants), sales are placed in the category which is the most dominant.

SOURCE

Property owner = sales and GLA reported from property owner, sometimes complemented by minor adjustment from HUI Research.

Property owner and HUI Research = sales and GLA are based on reported figures from the property owner with adjustments by HUI Research.

HUI Research = sales and GLA estimated by HUI Research based on Statistics Sweden and other sources.

CATEGORIZATION OF TYPE OF CENTRES

Centres are primarily divided into different types based on the GLA and the number of tenants. The location and characteristics of the centre are not yet fully taken into account other than if it is a SC or RP. The lowest requirement for a centre is 5,000 sqm retail GLA and five retail tenants.

CITY MALL

The city mall is a smaller type of the regional mall that specializes in a niche of the retail industry, such as apparel, homeware/interior design, leisure, food & beverage or entertainment. These centres are located in areas, that already has high traffic, such as city centres. By focusing on a narrow but deep assortment the centre becomes an attractive destination within its niche, even if the centre is small in size. The size of a city mall is a couple thousand square meters or more. Some larger city malls in city centres may have a wider range of stores. The number of stores are 15 or more. The trade area has at least 50 000 in population. The largest city mall in Sweden is NK in Stockholm, which has total sales of 2 billion SEK, followed by Åhléns City in Stockholm with total sales of 1.8 billion SEK. All the city malls on the top list are centrally located in one of Sweden’s big cities.

NEIGHBOURHOOD CENTRE

A neighbourhood centre provides non-durable goods (groceries) and services (dry cleaning, hairdresser etc.) for the everyday convenience of the nearby neighbourhoods. In larger neighbourhood centres, banks and limited number of durable goods stores could also be part of the store mix. The anchor store is a supermarket. A typical neighbourhood centre is around 5 000 square meters in size but can vary between 3 000 to 8 000 square meters. The number of stores is between 7 to 15 and the population in the trade area is around 15 000. In the largest five neighbourhood centres non-durable goods covers around 80 percent of the total sales. The durable goods that are sold in the centre are mostly part of a non-durable goods store or in a small niche store next to it.

MUNICIPALITY CENTRE

The municipality centre provides non-durable goods (groceries) and services (dry cleaning, hairdresser etc.) for the everyday convenience as well as a range of durable goods stores such as apparel and home/leisure. Alongside the anchor, which is one to two supermarkets, there are usually a few national durable goods chains. The supply of restaurants and services is wider than in the neighbourhood centre. There are also almost always a bank and a Systembolaget. The typical municipality centre is around 10 000 square meters in GLA but can vary between 7 000 to 45 000 square meters. The number of stores is 16 or more and the trade area consists of 30 000 to 60 000 consumers, usually within the municipality. The largest municipality centres can be found within the municipalities around Stockholm. In size they are similar to regional malls, even though they serve a more local market. The three largest centres all have high total sales, over a billion SEK.

DISTRICT CENTRE

In larger cities (mostly Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö) there are shopping centres similar to municipality centres in size, but that targets a certain district or several districts. Because of the high number of inhabitants nearby, the community centre can be quite large with a wide range, without having a regional effect. The typical community centre is 10 000 square meters in GLA but can vary between 7 000 to 50 000 square meters. There are usually 16 or more stores. The largest community centres can be found in Stockholm Municipality, in districts outside the city centre that have a high number of inhabitants. The largest community centres, such as Liljeholmstorget and Vällingby City, serves the same purpose as that of the municipality centre. However, in places with high urban density the community centre can have a limited regional influence, despite not being regional malls.

OUT-OF-TOWN CENTRE

Out-of-town centre is a general term used for shopping centres located outside of neighbourhoods or city centres, that are easily accessible by car. These can be classified as regional malls if it is a large centre of at least 20 000 square meters in GLA. Typical out-of-town centres, however, are anchored by a supermarket (ICA Maxi, ICA Kvantum or Stora Coop) and have several smaller stores within various industries. In size, the out-of-town centre is usually between 10 000 to 20 000 square meters. Retail parks are closely related to these centres, which is further detailed in a separate chapter.

REGIONAL MALLS

Regional malls have a wide and deep range within all industries, similar to the city centre – which usually is the main competitor of the out-of-town regional mall. The range of services is also wider than in the municipality centre, especially in number of restaurants. The regional mall usually has an entertainment offering as well. The anchor stores are several supermarkets and large national apparel and home & leisure chains. The regional mall is at least 20 000 square meters in GLA. The regional mall is larger than the community, municipality or out-of-town centre and targets a wider area. The regional mall can be located in the city centre or close to a large neighbourhood, if the other criteria is met. The number of stores is at least 50 and the trade area consists of a minimum of 100 000 consumers. The largest regional malls in Sweden have up to 100 000 square meters in GLA and it is the cross-border shopping centres that usually tops the list.

OUTLET CENTRES

The outlet centre consists of stores selling surplus stock of factory and design goods, last seasons products or defect products to a significantly (30 – 70 %) dicounted price. The store mix is usually made up of about 70 percent apparel and the rest from other industries. Originally, the outlet centres were located in out-of-town locations as to not disrupt the traditional retail, but gradually they have moved closer to the city centres.

THEME CENTRES

The theme centre is a type of the regional mall with a specific niche in the retail industry, such as apparel, home, recycling, food & beverage or entertainment. Train stations with travelers/commuters as target audience can also make up a theme centre. The theme centre can become an attractive destination in a region by focusing on a niche segment, even though the size of the centre is small. The number of stores is around 15 and above.

RETAIL PARKS

Retail Parks are similar to out-of-town shopping centres and consists of several big box stores in various industries. The stores are relatively close to each other and have a joint parking lot but are otherwise managed separately. There might be additional stores and services, to supplement the big box stores, depending on local conditions, however, this is not a requirement for a retail park. The number of stores in a retail park varies, from only four or five to 50. The centre size is between 8 000 to 15 000 square meters in GLA.

RETAIL CLUSTERS

A retail cluster is an unplanned retail park that has emerged organically and not been planned on a local government level. The cluster has emerged from being easily accessible by car and consists of an agglomeration of retail stores. Therefore, these retail clusters are unstructured in store mix as well as layout. Examples of retail clusters are Kungens Kurva in Stockholm, Backaplan in Gothenburg and Knalleland in Borås. In several of the retail clusters there are also separate units of shopping centres. The retail clusters are usually large in size and targets a regional market.

CROSS-BORDER SHOPPING CENTRE

Cross-border shopping centres are located next to one of Sweden’s neighbouring countries and gets the majority of its turnover from residents in the neighbouring country. The purchases are driven by the low prices, due to lower taxation or beneficial exchange rates. Many cross-border shopping centres have similar characteristics as regional malls or retail parks, but there are smaller ones as well – similar to out-of-town centres. The tenant mix usually consists of non-durable goods (grocery stores), pharmacies and Systembolaget, but there are often durable goods within apparel and home & leisure as well. Cross-border shopping centres are often located in out-of-town locations. The majority of the cross-border shopping centres in Sweden are located close to the Norwegian border, with a majority of Norwegian consumers.

CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS & SERVICES

FOOD & CONVENIENCE

Groceries, liquor and Tobacco.

DURABLE GOODS

Durable goods include most goods other than food & convenience, e.g. clothing, jewelry, sporting goods, books, pharmaceuticals, construction materials for private consumers and so on.

RESTAURANTS

All type of restaurants, bars and cafés.

COMMERCIAL SERVICE

Businesses like gyms, travel agencies and barbers are listed as commercial services. In general, services sold and consumed on-site are considered as commercial services with a few exceptions like travel agencies and ticket vendors. Hotels and financial services are not categorized as commercial services.

OTHER SERVICES

Other services consist of less commercial institutions like health care centres, dentists, employment offices and libraries. Banks, exchange offices and hotels are also listed as other services. GLA for other services are not included.

PLANNED PROJECTS

RP - Retail Park
SC - Shopping Centre

PLEASE OBSERVE:

Update 2016: Please note that sales for ICA Maxi Special have been added to each SC/RP. ICA Maxi Special is a separate company in the ICA Group where durable goods sales are reported for the ICA Maxi stores.

Update 2015: Please observe: For 2015 year’s data, sales for restaurants and commercial service have been added. The definition for commercial services has also been slightly altered. For more information about the different classifications, please see below.

DEFINITIONER - SVENSKA

OWNER & ADDITIONAL OWNERS

Under “owner” anges den enskilt största fastighetsägaren i ett köpcentrum eller handelsområde. Under ”additional owners” anges andra stora fastighetsägare. Notera att denna förteckning inte alltid är uttömmande då det kan finnas ett stort antal fastighetsägare utöver de som tas upp i SSCD. Detta gäller främst handelsområden.

GLA

Gross Leasable Area - uthyrningsbar yta i kvadratmeter. Yta för övrig service är ej medräknad.

RETAIL

Endast dagligvaror och sällanköpsvaror räknas in i begreppet retail. Systembolaget räknas som dagligvaror och apotek som sällanköpsvaror.

SALES

De totala omsättningssiffrorna inkluderar detaljhandel, restauranger och kommersiell service. Omsättning inklusive moms. Omsättningarna baseras på uppgifter från fastighetsägare i första hand, men har även inhämtats från SCB och andra källor. I det fall uppgifter från SCB nyttjats, har manuell bearbetning varit en del av processen för att korrigera datan där ett visst mått av egna bedömningar varit nödvändigt.

För de butiker som har försäljning i två eller fler kategorier (t.ex. sällanköpsvaror och restaurang) placeras omsättningen i den kategori som är mest dominant.

SOURCE

Property owner = omsättning och yta inrapporterad från fastighetsägaren, ibland kompletterad/reviderad av HUI Research.

Property owner and HUI Research = omsättning och yta inrapporterad från fastighetsägaren med visa revideringar av HUI Research.

HUI Research = omsättning och yta uppskattad av HUI Research med utgångspunkt i siffror från SCB och andra källor.

KATEGORISERING AV TYP AV HANDELSPLATSER

Centrumen har fördelats primärt efter yta och antal hyresgäster. Centrumens läge och karaktär har än så länge bara beaktats i det avseende om centrumet i fråga är ett köpcentrum eller handelsområde. Minimumkravet för ett köpcentrum är 5 000 kvadratmeter uthyrningsbar detaljhandelsyta och minst fem hyresgäster inom detaljhandel.

*City Malls särskiljer sig då de är belägna i eller nära stadskärnan.

VARUGRUPPER

FOOD & CONVENIENCE

Dagligvaror enligt SNI-klassificering. Detta innefattar förutom livsmedel även tobak och systembolag.

DURABLE GOODS

Sällanköpsvaror baserat på SNI-klassificering. Detta innefattar hemutrustning, apoteksvaror, fritidsvaror och beklädnad. Här ingår även byggvaror, arbetskläder (t.ex. Swedol) och vissa andra butikskoncept (t.ex. Biltema) som ibland avviker från traditionell sällanköpsvaruhandel.

RESTAURANTS

Inkluderar alla typer av restauranger, barer och caféer.

COMMERCIAL SERVICE

Kommersiell service består av tjänster som gym, resebyråer och frisörer. Tjänster som säljs och konsumeras på plats utgör ofta kommersiell service undantaget t.ex. resebyråer och biljettförsäljning. Hotell och finansiella tjänster utgör ej kommersiell service.

OTHER SERVICES

Andra verksamheter än kommersiell service, t.ex. arbetsförmedlingen, försäkringskassan, bibliotek, tandläkare, vårdcentral osv. Banker, växlingskontor och hotell är även definierade som övrig service. Dessa ytor är ej medräknade.

PLANERADE PROJEKT

RP - Handelsområde
SC - Köpcentrum

VÄNLIGEN NOTERA:

Uppdatering 2016: Vänligen notera att omsättning för ICA Maxi Special har inkluderats i årets kartläggningoch fördelats på respektive köpcentrum och handelsområde. ICA Maxi Special ärett företag inom ICA-gruppen där sällanköpsvaruförsäljningen för ICA Maxi-butikernaregistreras.

Uppdatering 2015: För 2015 års version av SSCD har omsättning för restauranger och kommersiellservice lagts till. Notera även att definitionerna för kommersiell service har ändrats något.